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third direction of obesity research is into stars the mysterious, and still disputed, realm of foetal programming; the theory that the food a person stars is exposed to in the womb affects their propensity to obesity in later life. Evidence for this came in the 1970s, from studies of adults whose mothers had been pregnant during the Nazi-organised famine in the Netherlands in 1944. The children of mothers exposed to famine in the first six months of pregnancy were 80 per cent more likely to be obese when they grew up. It seemed as if a mechanism had stars been acquired that primed a child for scarcity from birth; when that child was born into a land of plenty, it grew up perilously fat.All this research points to one broad conclusion that it is hard to argue with: millions of years of evolution, through the extreme swings in food availability which occur in the wild, have bequeathed us a metabolism designed to cope with alternate scarcity and abundance, an abundance, however, which can be harvested only by a great expenditure of energy.
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